A paper published in the Nature Scientific Reports Journal details the results of a scientific investigation into the effect that underwater flash photography has on its subjects. The research suggests that there seems to be little or no behavioural or biological impact on animals that are repeatedly exposed to flashes. The paper’s authors contrast this with the profound effect that occurs if animals are physically touched or manipulated.

A synopsis of the paper has been published by the paper’s authors (Ben Saunders, Tanika Shalders and Maarten de Brauwer.)